Concept
Prestress — where it appears
2 essays name this object, across one field. What follows is each of them, and the objects they name alongside it.
What is left when the load comes off
Unload a section that has yielded and it does not return to nothing. It returns to a self-equilibrating stress field it did not have before, a permanent set, and an elastic range wider than the one it started with.
The strain that was imposed, and the stress that leaked away
Multiply a restrained shrinkage strain by the modulus and the answer is three times the tensile strength — which predicts that every restrained concrete member ever cast has cracked. Most have not, and the reason is that the material creeps while it is being stressed.
Named alongside it
The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.
SuperpositionAgeing coefficientAutofrettageBauschinger effectCrackingCreepImposed deformationKinematic hardeningPermanent setRelaxationResidual stressRestraint