Concept
Relaxation — where it appears
2 essays name this object, across 2 fields. What follows is each of them, and the objects they name alongside it.
The strain that was imposed, and the stress that leaked away
Multiply a restrained shrinkage strain by the modulus and the answer is three times the tensile strength — which predicts that every restrained concrete member ever cast has cracked. Most have not, and the reason is that the material creeps while it is being stressed.
The joint that carries nothing until it slips
Tighten the bolts hard enough and the plates are clamped together with a force nothing applied. The joint then carries shear by friction, the bolts are in tension and not in shear at all, and the load path has nothing in common with the joint it looks identical to.
Named alongside it
The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.
Ageing coefficientBolt tensionConnectionCrackingCreepFrictionImposed deformationLimit statePreloadPrestressRestraintServiceability