Concept
Shrinkage — where it appears
2 essays name this object, across one field. What follows is each of them, and the objects they name alongside it.
The deflection that arrives three years late
A concrete beam that passes every check on the day it is built goes on deflecting for a decade, and ends up three times where it started. Nothing about the load changed, and nothing about the strength was ever in question.
The strain that was imposed, and the stress that leaked away
Multiply a restrained shrinkage strain by the modulus and the answer is three times the tensile strength — which predicts that every restrained concrete member ever cast has cracked. Most have not, and the reason is that the material creeps while it is being stressed.
Named alongside it
The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.
CreepAgeing coefficientCracked sectionCrackingDeflectionEffective modulusElastic modulusImposed deformationModular ratioPrestressRelaxationRestraint