Modular ratio — where it appears
Named by 3 essays across 2 fields — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.
When half the section has given up
Bending theory puts the neutral axis through the centroid. That is a consequence, not a rule — and when the tension side cracks, the same reasoning moves the axis somewhere else entirely.
The deflection that arrives three years late
A concrete beam that passes every check on the day it is built goes on deflecting for a decade, and ends up three times where it started. Nothing about the load changed, and nothing about the strength was ever in question.
A section made of two materials, one of them pretended away
Multiplying a material's width by the ratio of the moduli produces a fictitious section of one material with the right neutral axis and the right forces. It is not a trick — it is compatibility and Hooke's law written down — and it says a stiff material takes what its modulus asks for.
Named alongside it
The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.
Cracked sectionCreepElastic modulusNeutral axisSecond moment of areaTransformed sectionCentroidComposite actionDeflectionEffective modulusFirst moment of areaLever arm