Concept

Confinement — where it appears

Lateral pressure applied to a material whose strength depends on it, usually by hoops or a tube around concrete. It raises the compressive strength modestly and the ultimate strain by a large factor, so it is bought for ductility and gets strength as a side effect.

Named by 2 essays across one field — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

Squeezed sideways into a different material

Concrete in a cylinder test fails by splitting apart sideways under a load pushing it down. Put a hoop round it and the splitting has to stretch steel — and a lateral pressure of a twelfth of the strength raises the strength by half and the ultimate strain by eight.

materials · confinement

The shear strength nobody measured

Every web on this site is checked against the yield stress divided by the square root of three, and no test produced that number. It is a consequence of a decision about what makes a metal yield, and the alternative decision gives a different answer by fifteen per cent.

materials · yield criterion

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

Ductility Arching Deviatoric stress Energy dissipation Equivalent stress Hoop Hydrostatic stress Interaction diagram Lateral pressure Mohr circle Moment curvature Plastic hinge

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