Structural Engineering & Statics
where the load goes
Concept

Kinematic hardening — where it appears

2 essays name this object, across one field. What follows is each of them, and the objects they name alongside it.
-0.6%-0.4%-0.2%0.2%0.4%0.6%-300-200-100100200300strainstress, N/mm²0.469% of the strain never came back

What is left when the load comes off

Unload a section that has yielded and it does not return to nothing. It returns to a self-equilibrating stress field it did not have before, a permanent set, and an elastic range wider than the one it started with.

materials · unloading 024681012141600.511.52cyclescurvature gained ÷ curvature at first yieldM/Mp = 0.30, ΔT = 20°C — elasticM/Mp = 0.60, ΔT = 120°C — shakedownM/Mp = 0.85, ΔT = 200°C — ratcheting

The structure that settles down, and the one that walks

A load that is safe applied once may not be safe applied ten thousand times. Nothing about that is fatigue — the structure never breaks, it simply arrives somewhere slightly further round every cycle, until it has arrived somewhere unusable.

materials · shakedown

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

Residual stressSelf equilibratingAutofrettageBauschinger effectCollapseImposed deformationPermanent setPrestressRatchetingServiceabilityShakedownSuperposition

All concepts