Structural Engineering & Statics
where the load goes
Generator

The stress-concentration generator

Rendered here at the parameters it defaults to, with every essay that calls it — which is the same list as the blast radius of changing it.
Three times the stress, and it does not matter how big the hole isThe hoop stress around a circular hole in a wide plate pulled at 100 N/mm², from Kirsch's exact solution. At the sides of the hole it is 3.0 times the applied stress — 300 N/mm² — and the factor is the same for a hole of any radius, because the radius cancels. At the top and bottom of the hole it is -1.0 times the applied stress, which is compression in a plate that nothing is pushing. The disturbance dies quickly: the stress is within 5% of the applied value by 3.5 hole radii, which is Saint-Venant's principle with a number on it.pulled at 100 N/mm², left and right300-100 — compressionhoop stress, tinted3.0× at the edgewithin 5% by 3.5 radiithe applied stressdistance from the centre, in hole radii12345

1 essay calls stress-concentration. The drawing above is what it returns with no arguments at all; every call below passes it something, because a placement that passes nothing draws whichever member of the family the generator happens to default to rather than the one its essay argues about.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every one of these figures.

pulled at 100 N/mm², left and right300-100 — compressionhoop stress, tinted3.0× at the edgewithin 5% by 3.5 radiithe applied stressdistance from the centre, in hole radii12345 Materials

The hole that multiplies the stress by three

The stress at the side of a hole is three times the applied stress whatever the hole's size, and at the top and bottom of the same hole it is minus one times it — compression in a plate that nothing is pushing.

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